Extensions
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Extension Syntax
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extension SomeType {
// new functionality to add to SomeType goes here
}
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extension SomeType: SomeProtocol, AnotherProtocol {
// implementation of protocol requirements goes here
}
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Computed Properties
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extension Double {
var km: Double { return self * 1_000.0 }
var m: Double { return self }
var cm: Double { return self / 100.0 }
var mm: Double { return self / 1_000.0 }
var ft: Double { return self / 3.28084 }
}
let oneInch = 25.4.mm
print("One inch is \(oneInch) meters")
// Prints "One inch is 0.0254 meters"
let threeFeet = 3.ft
print("Three feet is \(threeFeet) meters")
// Prints "Three feet is 0.914399970739201 meters"
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let aMarathon = 42.km + 195.m
print("A marathon is \(aMarathon) meters long")
// Prints "A marathon is 42195.0 meters long"
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Initializers
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struct Size {
var width = 0.0, height = 0.0
}
struct Point {
var x = 0.0, y = 0.0
}
struct Rect {
var origin = Point()
var size = Size()
}
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let defaultRect = Rect()
let memberwiseRect = Rect(origin: Point(x: 2.0, y: 2.0),
size: Size(width: 5.0, height: 5.0))
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extension Rect {
init(center: Point, size: Size) {
let originX = center.x - (size.width / 2)
let originY = center.y - (size.height / 2)
self.init(origin: Point(x: originX, y: originY), size: size)
}
}
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let centerRect = Rect(center: Point(x: 4.0, y: 4.0),
size: Size(width: 3.0, height: 3.0))
// centerRect's origin is (2.5, 2.5) and its size is (3.0, 3.0)
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Methods
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extension Int {
func repetitions(task: () -> Void) {
for _ in 0..<self {
task()
}
}
}
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3.repetitions {
print("Hello!")
}
// Hello!
// Hello!
// Hello!
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Mutating Instance Methods
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extension Int {
mutating func square() {
self = self * self
}
}
var someInt = 3
someInt.square()
// someInt is now 9
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Subscripts
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extension Int {
subscript(digitIndex: Int) -> Int {
var decimalBase = 1
for _ in 0..<digitIndex {
decimalBase *= 10
}
return (self / decimalBase) % 10
}
}
746381295[0]
// returns 5
746381295[1]
// returns 9
746381295[2]
// returns 2
746381295[8]
// returns 7
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746381295[9]
// returns 0, as if you had requested:
0746381295[9]
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Nested Types
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extension Int {
enum Kind {
case negative, zero, positive
}
var kind: Kind {
switch self {
case 0:
return .zero
case let x where x > 0:
return .positive
default:
return .negative
}
}
}
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func printIntegerKinds(_ numbers: [Int]) {
for number in numbers {
switch number.kind {
case .negative:
print("- ", terminator: "")
case .zero:
print("0 ", terminator: "")
case .positive:
print("+ ", terminator: "")
}
}
print("")
}
printIntegerKinds([3, 19, -27, 0, -6, 0, 7])
// Prints "+ + - 0 - 0 + "
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